TESCO's Business Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

TESCO's Business Plan - Case Study Example As indicated by Kanter (1995) such an activity won't establish a satisfactory reaction. This is so in light of the fact that achievement depends on an association's capacity to make, instead of anticipate the future by building up those items that will truly change the way the world thinks and view it self and the requirements (Kanter 1995:71). The examination as a matter of first importance filters the market condition utilizing the PESTLE structure; from that point the investigation takes a gander at TESCO corporate crucial vision explanation in the period of its new field-tested strategy. At long last the investigation investigates how natural variables and other ecological components have been utilized by TESCO to profit its marketable strategy. The last area of the paper gives the end and proposal to the investigation. Established by Jack Cohen in 1919, Tesco Plc today, has built up itself as the biggest super store in Europe. As indicated by the organization 2007 corporate report and the site, Tesco PLC is a worldwide retailer. Tesco head exercises incorporate food retailing having more than 2,000 stores in the United Kingdom. The organization additionally has stores and retail outlet in different nations like the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan and China (Tesco 2006 Review). Tesco works 165 International Express stores. Furthermore it works 39 stores in China, 111 in Japan, 13 in Malaysia, 62 in South Korea, 6 in Taiwan, 219 in Thailand, 35 in Czech Republic, 87 in Hungary, 105 in Poland, 91 in Republic of Ireland, 37 in Slovakia and 8 in Turkey. (Tesco Annual Review, 2006). It in this manner works nonstop which exhibits its pledge to make client esteem which thusly creates predominant incentive for its investors. Tesco means its prosperity to a forceful worldwide methodology of land expansion, item separation, cost center and it utilization of umbrella marking. In its endeavor to recharge the brand and keep it in a state of harmony with changing client tastes, Tesco follows different techniques including worldwide enhancement, offering some benefit to clients, item expansion, advancement, securing and umbrella marking. Its ongoing technique is the creation and opening of ecological amicable and vitality effective stores. 1.1.1 Political Factors The PESTLE system layout in reference section one specifies that an organization is

DQ-4-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

DQ-4-Terence - Essay Example The new data compromises the administrative necessities as they give clashing data. Concerns however have ascended to whether the various employments of web rules are helpful to the association and whether the new examples ought to adjust or repudiates the general correspondence designs from the body. Examinations concerning this request are along these lines the central target of the paper, explained through conversations and proof from the academic articles by various analysts. Authoritative structure decides the operational strategy and the work procedure of any organization that the business utilizes. Activities as the administrative revealing, development of information, dynamic procedure and dispersal of data are the fundamental parts guaranteed by the authoritative structures (Im, Hong and Kang, 2011). The structures whether they move inside the association and between the gatherings levels has no inalienable of being better than the other. Or maybe, the structures have their sole advantage to the association that suits them well in a specific circumstance (Wixom and Watson, 2012). Data stream in the significant associations has been organized on a departmental level and authoritative level. The corporate level can be alluded to as the progression of thoughts inside the association that is inalienable from different associations branches. The office heads utilize their own web as opposed to sharing a more extensive system in the entire gathering. The authoritative level uses an alternate web in correspondence to different areas. Numerous individual will contend that it’s because of the free nature utilized by the association to guarantee every unit performs to its best. Regardless of whether isolating web utilization inside and between the groups’ levels stays an inquiry for banter? Working with similar arrangements and work methodology implies the association has comparable objectives and goals to achieve and why separate their web

Scholarship Program for Colombian Applicants COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Scholarship Program for Colombian Applicants COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Applicants from Colombia who are admitted to SIPA will have the opportunity to apply for funding through a special program run by the Colombian government.   The objective of the COLFOTURO program is to help Colombian students study abroad with the goal of promoting the economic and social development of Colombia.   For information on the program, click here. If admitted to SIPA, applicants who are citizens of Colombia can fill out the paperwork to be considered.   Please see their Web site for specific details. Scholarship Program for Colombian Applicants COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Applicants from Colombia who are admitted to SIPA have the opportunity to apply for funding through a special program run by the Colombian government. The objective of the COLFUTURO program is to help Colombian students study abroad with the goal of promoting the economic and social development of Colombia. For information on the program, click here. Admitted applicants who are citizens of Colombia can fill out the paperwork to be considered. Please see their Web site for specific details.

American University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

American University is a private research university with an acceptance rate of 32%. Located on 84 park-like acres in the northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., American University is considered one of the most internationally-engaged universities in the country. The university was chartered by the U.S. Congress in 1893, and it now boasts a student body that comes from over 150 countries. Programs in International Relations, Political Science, and Government are particularly strong, but the universitys general strengths in the arts and sciences have earned it a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa. The law and business schools also place well in national rankings. On the athletic front, the American University Eagles compete in the NCAA Division I  Patriot League. The university also has the advantage of being near  many other colleges and universities in the Washington D.C. area. Considering applying to American University? Here are the admission statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, American University had an acceptance rate of 32%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 32 students were admitted, making American Universitys admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 18,984 Percent Admitted 32% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 29% SAT Scores and Requirements American University has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to American may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 52% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 630 700 Math 590 680 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that of those students who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of American Universitys admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to American University scored between 630 and 700, while 25% scored below 630 and 25% scored above 700. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 590 and 680, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 680. While the SAT is not required, this data tells us that a composite SAT score of 1380 or higher is competitive for American University. Requirements American University does not require SAT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, note that American participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. American University does not consider the essay section of the SAT. ACT Scores and Requirements American University has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to American may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 36% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 27 34 Math 24 29 Composite 27 31 This admissions data tells us that of those who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of American Universitys admitted students fall within the top 14% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to American University received a composite ACT score between 27 and 31, while 25% scored above 31 and 25% scored below 27. Requirements American University does not require ACT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, note that American participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all ACT test dates. American University does not consider the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the middle 50% of American Universitys incoming class had high school GPAs between 3.52 and 4.06, and an average GPA of 3.65. Nearly 65% of admitted students had average GPAs above 3.5. These results suggest that most successful applicants to American University have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph American University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to American University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances American University, which accepts fewer than a third of applicants, is selective. However, American which has a holistic admissions process and is test-optional, makes admissions decisions based on much more than numbers.  A strong  application essay, engaging short answer response,  and glowing  letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule.  Applicants should also consider including the optional statement of interest essay on the Common Application. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades are outside of Americans average range. Students interested in American University can apply using either the  Common Application  or the  Coalition Application. American has an  Early Decision program that can improve admission chances for students who are sure the school is their top choice. In the scattergram above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of successful applicants had high school averages of B or higher, combined SAT scores of 1100 or higher (ERWM), and ACT composite scores of 23 or better. Your chances are best if your GPA is up in the A range. Note that test scores will not be used for the admissions decision if applicants choose Americans test-optional application option. If You Like American University, You May Also Like These Schools Boston College,  George Mason University, Northwestern University, and  George Washington University. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and American University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Cold War And The Soviet Union - 1710 Words

In 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies, jointly triumphant in World War II, which ended with total victory for Soviet and American forces over Adolf Hitler s Nazi empire in Europe. However, within just a few years, wartime allies became mortal enemies, locked in a global struggle: military, political, economic, and ideological, to prevail in a new Cold War. The Cold War was a time of extreme tension between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), or the Soviet Union and the United States, and their respective ideologies. It was not declared in the same sense as most wars, rather it progressed over time. Therefore there are different opinions on the exact beginning of the War. Some say the Cold War really†¦show more content†¦There was additionally an apprehension that the others belief system was a danger to their own specific manner of life, and that the main path for the two sides to be happy was for their philosophy to assume control over the world. Given the rationalistic perspective that the entire world must be driven down the way of transformation, the strife between the Soviet government and the whole Western World particularly the USA was unavoidable, the whole structure of Marxism was antagonistic to the conventions of Western methods of insight of opportunity. The aims of these two nations post World War II also aroused strong detestment from both parties. When you look at the events post WWII you see that America sought to eliminate trade barriers both to create markets for American agricultural and industrial products, and to ensure the ability of West European nations to export as a means to generate economic growth and rebuild their economies. The Soviet Union on the other hand was looking to control Europe and protect itself from being invaded by creating a buffer zone. After the war, Greece was in political and economical crisis due to the German occupation and the highly polarized struggle between leftists and rightists which targeted the power vacuum and led to the Greek Civil War, one of the first conflicts of the

Bystanders in Situations of Bullying Motivations for...

Introduction/Background Bullying can be experienced in several forms such as physical, verbal, social or cyber. All bullying is composed of three specific concepts—causing their victims harm, possessing greater power than their victims and repetition (Oh Hazler, 2009). Bystanders play perhaps the most vital role in bullying (Oh Hazler, 2009). Bystanders can help the bully (‘assistants’ or ‘reinforcers’), remain passive and non-interceptive (‘outsiders’) or they can be ‘defenders’, which are individuals who intervene using prosocial behaviours, meaning that they voluntarily act in ways that benefit others (Oh Hazler, 2009; Thornberg, 2007). Statistics suggest bystander’s use only 25% of their time to intervene and defend the bully†¦show more content†¦Recent studies that have analyzed the behaviour of bystanders, in situations of bullying, have put a large emphasis on the predictors of bystander actions and the reasons why they are passive in such situations. Predictors such as gender, grade, past experiences with bullying, type of bullying witnessed and friendship dynamics have displayed some significant trends in the reactions of bystanders (Oh Hazler, 2009; Trach, Hymel, Waterhouse and Neale, 2010). For example, researchers identify strong and consistent trends that indicate girls are more likely to support victims with positive actions (Oh Hazler, 2009; Trach, Hymel, Waterhouse and Neale, 2010). The purpose of this study is contrary to previous studies and will take a particular interest in the motivations for prosocial behaviour in terms of direct or indirect intervention. Bystanders who take a direct intervention approach often intervene by discouraging the bully, helping the victim, or redirecting the situation, whereas those who use indirect intervention report the bullying to an adult or teacher, talk to a friend, or get other bystanders to help (Trach, Hymel, Waterhouse N eale, 2010). However, it is interesting to consider that the intervention approach bystanders chose to take will be influenced by the policies, responses to victims and peerShow MoreRelatedBully5482 Words   |  22 Pages------------------------------------------------- Bullying From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the Wikipedia guidance essay, see  Wikipedia:WikiBullying Bullying is detrimental to students’ well-being and development.[1] Bullying  is the use of force or  coercion  to  abuse  or  intimidate  others. The behavior can be habitual and involve an imbalance of social or physical  power. It can include verbal  harassment  or  threat, physical  assault  or coercion and may be directed repeatedly towards particular victims, perhaps on groundsRead MoreHalimbawa Ng Term Paper6581 Words   |  27 PagesDON SERVILLANO PLATON MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL Sta. Cruz Tinambac Camarines Sur S/Y 2012-2013 The Effect of Bullying In The School to Students of Don Servillano Platon Memorial High School Janice Tamayo Inocencio (Researcher) Mrs. Adelaida Espejo (English Professor) Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the special people who have extended their assistance for the

How effectively the constitution protects freedom free essay sample

There is a small amount of disagreement over whether or not the US constitution protects freedom for the average American citizen – whilst many Americans feel that the constitution formally protects their liberties (for example: the first amendment guarantees the rights of Americans to their freedom of speech) others believe that the codified constitution is unnecessary and would point to nations like the United Kingdom (that do not have a codified constitution) that operate reasonably efficiently and have other methods of protecting the rights of the average person. Those that identify themselves as more traditionalist in the United States would argue that constitution has served to protect the rights of individuals to a satisfactory standard during its centuries of operation. They would use the notion of ‘conservative pragmatism’ to suggest that the historical democratic system in place is functioning well and so does not require change. Those that consider themselves more willing to reform the American system would disagree with this and would point to several historical issues that suggest the current system has not protected freedom properly. Over the years various groups have been discriminated against – including Native Americans and African-Americans, despite the amendments to the constitution and the principles of the self-governing system that the United States of America was founded on. There is disagreement over the constitution’s protection of the rights of minority populations (such as African-Americans) in the past. Some would argue that despite the 15th Amendment (signed in 1870) granting the right to all Americans to vote regardless of race or colour, African-Americans continued to be discriminated against for nearly a hundred years. Indeed some polling stations used literacy tests to discriminate against African-Americans up until the 1960s – giving white people easy questions and then giving African-Americans considerably harder tests (one in Louisiana was described as ‘impossible’ by judges on the Supreme Court in 1965) simply to allow them to vote. Some would point to this discrimination as a failure of the American constitution to adequately protect the freedoms of the American people, and would argue that the rights of some African-American voters were better protected by the Supreme Court and President Lyndon B. Johnson. However, others would argue that the discrimination experienced by those African-Americans was produced by a racist minority manipulating the system unfairly – and would point out that the literacy tests were deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court and so the rights of all were protected by the constitution’s system of checks and balances, and the separation of powers. So the discrimination was a result of a minority acting illegally and was corrected by the processes outlined in the constitution. The existence of disagreement over the American constitution’s ability to protect the liberties of the American people is evident in the amendments to the document that have been proposed. A Federal Marriage Amendment (which would make same-sex marriage legal in every state) has been proposed on four occasions in this century but has been defeated every time so far. With the issue of same-sex marriage being separate from this debate, the fact that some Americans feel the need to propose such an amendment clearly suggests there is huge disagreement over the ability of the constitution to protect their rights in its present form. There are other amendments that have been proposed – such as the Right to Vote Amendment and the People’s Rights Amendment that have been unsuccessful in reforming the system but do demonstrate the presence of disagreement over the efficacy of the American constitution. On the other hand the fact that there has not been a successful amendment of the constitution since 1992 (the 27th amendment) suggests that there is no longer much of a debate over the needs to amend the constitution and therefore the majority of Americans believe that their constitution is protecting their rights satisfactorily. However, simply because there has not been a successful amendment in recent years does not mean there has not been any disagreement over the ability of the constitution’s ability to defend the liberties of the American people. The fact is that in a developed, civilized, democratic nation like the United States there will always be debate over necessary reforms and so there is and always will be disagreement over how effectively the constitution protects freedom. Furthermore, the majority of Americans feel the system laid out by the constitution does sufficiently protect their rights sufficiently. Although the constitution does have its flaws (for example it does not even explicitly mention the rights of the people to vote) it does perpetuate a system that protects the rights of the citizens based on prevailing public opinion – which is more democratic than an outlining of eternal liberties. The fact that the constitution outlines the separation of powers (to the executive, legislature and judiciary) ensures no one body can amass too much power and exploit the rights of the people. Dare I say it but even the Second Amendment – the Right to Bear Arms, allows the people to protect themselves from a tyrannical government and thus protect their rights from central government and other potential oppressors. The use of an impartial judiciary with the ability to check the elected positions in the legislature and executive helps to prevent the often feared ‘tyranny of the majority’ – and protects the rights of the minorities without undermining democracy. Even the process of constitutional amendments allows certain rights to be created through a democratic process and allows a more autonomous system that can react to popular demand whilst still protecting established rights. It would require a united, single-party or combined oppressive politicians to dominate over 38 of the 50 states for a party to begin to abuse the rights of the people and make the required amendments to the constitution as well as a two thirds majority in both houses and potentially the control of the executive to appoint sympathetic judges to the Supreme Court (with the confirmation of the Senate). Realistically most Americans know that this is incredibly unlikely and almost everyone accepts that the two-party system that the constitution encourages prevents any one group from dominating the political process to the extent that the rights of the people would be threatened. With the growth of the executive position and power, and the influence of the federal bureaucracy in the decision making process some American people feel that the government and unelected officials are able to breach the will of the people. The fact that the US government has gone to war on numerous occasions without the approval of congress (which the constitution states is required) using various loopholes – for example when the US sent troops into Korea they used the excuse of a peace-keeping mission, similar excuses were used for interventions in Iraq, Afghanistan and Vietnam – with all conflicts not being approved by the legislature. This worries many Americans and recent protests after interventions in the middle east has led to many calling for reform to the system in place to go to war and intervene militarily in other countries. The existence of the Iraq War protests (such as the ones in Washington D. C. in 2007) implies there is disagreement over the constitution’s system of declaring war and suggesting some people believe the rights of the people are being violated as the US government can declare war on other countries without going through the democratic processes. In conclusion, there is a small amount of disagreement over whether or not the constitution protects the freedom of the people. This is evident from the proposed amendments, concerns among the American people about governance and historical examples of the government abusing the liberties of some citizens. Despite the lack of recent amendments and general consensus that the constitution is not completely unfit for purpose, there is still disagreement over the efficacy of the American constitution in protecting freedom and the liberties of the American people.

Discussion on the Greater Providence Deposit Trust Embezzlement Case

5 Clues Its Time to Get a New Job (Before Its Too Late)

5 Clues Its Time to Get a New Job (Before Its Too Late) Most people are totally excited on the first day of a new job. But after a few months (or years), we can start to lose the love a little. Here are 5 ways to tell whether you’re just bored or if you really should look for another job. 1. Your boss is a jerkSeriously. She puts you down, publicly. She blows up at you in front of everyone. She snaps  at you regularly. This is not good boss behavior. Remember, a good boss will do everything they can to help you succeed and encourage you to grow and improve until you’re delivering your best work. This is in her best interest. If your boss is all nasty and no nurture, it may be time to move on.2. You dread workYou come home running on empty- emotionally and physically and mentally exhausted. And the thought of going back in the morning, or on Monday, fills you with dread. If you feel actual knots in your stomach at the idea of going in to work, it might be time to think about a change.3. You’re too busy to breatheYouà ¢â‚¬â„¢re so busy that you only leave the office to shower and sleep (and even then, not for very long). You’re always on your email or your work phone. And weekends? Haven’t had one of those in months.Remember, if you’re this busy there’s no way you’re actually doing good work. You don’t have time to think! Have a conversation with your boss about taking better care of yourself, managing things, delegating perhaps, and about having at least one day off to recharge. If you can’t get these boundaries set up, you should leave before you burn out completely.4. You’re so boredSeriously, you can hardly make it through the day. You’ve started yawning- not because you’re tired, but because your job is so brain-numbingly boring that you can’t focus or stay awake. If you have one of these jobs where management would rather you have your butt in your chair all day than actually be productive, then you might be better off somewhere else.5. You want something differentWanting to move on to something new or different is natural. Maybe you want a new challenge! Or a change of scenery! Keep in mind you might not have to go nuclear to get this. See if there are any positions in different departments within your company. If you could see this solving the problem, it might be easier than a career change. If you listen to yourself and confront your situation honestly, you’ll know when it’s really time to go.

Communication in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Communication in business - Essay Example In economic pursuit, we aim at promoting environmental sustainability.3 Our business is based on a solid philosophy of equal employment opportunities and fostering environmental sustainability through green manufacturing processes. ... n employment or occupation occurs when a potential employee is treated negatively or differently due to his characteristics that are not relevant or inherent for successful performance of the job. Commonly characteristics that employees are mainly discriminated against include race, color, age, sex, gender, political inclination, ethnicity, religion and nationality. We at Hyundai Motors have since extended these characteristics to include sexual orientation, disability and diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Discrimination in employment matters has been witnessed in areas such as recruitment, job allocations, promotions, and performance evaluations, security of tenure, compensation and termination of employment. Hyundai Motors prohibits all manners of employment discrimination, whether direct or indirect discrimination, by ensuring all employees and potential candidates are accorded equal opportunities regardless of their personal characteristics. Discrimination in employment matters infringe s the fundamental human right of equal access to employment and humane treatment in the workplace.7 Principle 8 Initiatives to promote greater environmental sustainability Benefits and implications Hyundai Motors engages in clean manufacturing processes that limit environmental pollution. According to Global Compact principle 8, business organizations undertake measures to promote environmental sustainability.8 According to the Rio Declaration, business organisations have the responsibility of ensuring their activities do not degrade the environment or cause pollution. The immediate communities expect the business organisations to actively participate in environmental conservation initiatives. All business organisations should work closely with the major stakeholders like suppliers in order

Learning Theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning Theories - Research Paper Example Because of that, different types of learning methods are prevailing among people. Different scholars and psychologists have formulated different learning theories after comprehensive researches and studies. â€Å"Although there is no acceptable definition of learning, a generally accepted definition of learning is any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience† (Chowdhury, 2006, p.1). Learning is a process and a product at the same time. Many of the psychologists defined learning as a change in behavior. It is a fact that all the people behave in a particular way based on their knowledge level. For example, a person who has completed college education may behave more diplomatically than a person who has not completed college education. In other words, learning makes lot of behavioral changes in a person’s life. ... Customization of these learning theories is necessary for a student to learn the topics properly. In other words, every student should have a customized learning strategy or theory in order to learn the topics properly. This paper describes my ideas of â€Å"the best learning environment† and supports it using the theoretical perspectives of what defines the "best of" in education. Learning Theory and its importance â€Å"Learning is a personal act. We each place our own personal stamp on how we learn, what we learn and when we learn. How we learn is a question that begs the answer--based on learning theory† (Chowdhury, 2006, p.2). As mentioned earlier, no two individuals are alike in their learning methods. Different people use different methods for learning a particular topic. The awareness about different learning theories will definitely help the educators in providing customized learning environments for each student. For example, brighter students may require more complex assignments whereas average or below average students may require simple assignments in order to help them in their learning process. â€Å"Learning theories are the basic raw materials, which are applied in training activities. It is, therefore, essential that the trainer understand the learning theories so that he or she can design the effective training program† (Chowdhury, 2006, p.6). It is important for the educator to know how a particular subject can be taught well in a class. For that purpose different learning theories may help. For example, many learning theories suggest that motivation is required for the students to learn a particular topic well. In order

Theories Of Management And Leadership On Strategy

Theories Of Management And Leadership On Strategy Different Management and Leadership theories are adopted by the organisations to achieve their goals. Leaders possess a certain type of skills, which enables them to follow any theory in a given situation. The decision making process need to be flexible enough to adapt any kind of environment since outcome from it will be have a great impact on organisation, that impact can be on strategy, goals or its culture. Theories of Leadership and Management Different Leadership and Management theories are: The Trait Theory This theory is derived from the great man theory, which identifies the key characteristics of a good and successful leader. They have personality, dominance, charisma, self-confidence, achievements and ability to formulate a clear vision It is believed that through this approach critical leadership traits could be isolated and that people with such traits could then be recruited, selected, and installed into leadership positions. The table below lists the main leadership traits and skills identified by Stogdill in 1974. Traits Skills -Adaptable to situations Alert to social environment Assertive Cooperative Decisive Dependable Dominant (desire to influence others) Energetic (high activity level) Persistent Self-confident Tolerant of stress Willing to assume responsibility Clever (smart and intelligent) Conceptually skilled Creative Diplomatic and tactful Fluent in speaking Knowledgeable about group task Organised (administrative ability) Persuasive Socially skilled Impact on Organisational Strategy A leader with these traits and skills is able to drive the organisation. It is of this reason that Armed Forces around the world look for these traits in the candidates for the commission. For-example: At PCW, where high dedication from Manager is required, if they dont have a charismatic figure or lack self confidence than how they will motivate their team or employees. Before a leader leads other, it needs to lead itself, this is called self-leadership. It begins with introspection and development of ones emotional intelligence. They need to explore their inner self before they lead others. Leader is responsible for everything the team does or fails to do. Since they are in direct contact with employees so they need to have following traits and act as a role-model. At organisational level, leaders are required to influence the whole organisation by managing the cultural norms, rewards and recognition programs, and communication. When they get at a high level where they have to lead a city, state or a multi-national corporation, they require power of persuasion and charisma, if they are going to get elected. Their self-confidence enables them to challenge change, and their communication skills helps them to gain trust of others, since they have persuasion power. The point where Traits Theory fails is when following questions are asked Do these traits produce successful leaders? Is leadership more than just bringing change? Leaders are born or can they be made? The trait theory unfortunately does not prescribe the most effective traits that successful leaders should have. Nonetheless, the theory makes good sense when interpreting successful leaders with their remarkable traits. The most important problem in applying it is how leaders can know better about themselves and their leadership qualities. Transformational Theory James MacGregor wrote in his Burns Leadership was the first to put forward the concept of Transforming leadership. To MacGregor transforming leadership is a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation that converts, followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents. He also identified that: [Transforming leadership] occurs when one or more persons engage with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and moralityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This theory is based on charismatic leaders, who have additional characteristics such as vision and development, and abilities to motivate it followers. Impact on Organisational Strategy Howell and Avolio (1999) assert that transformational leadership with its five key pillars vision, inspiration, stimulation, coaching, and team building. And a leader with such characteristics will bring tremendous payoffs in business performance and innovation. There are certain transformational leadership factors identified by Nahavandi, which are: intellectual stimulation to generate new ideas and empowerment charisma and inspiration to overcome resistance to change, individual incentives and consideration to motivate and encourage the followers. Since our current business environment is very dynamic, so does the need for change in leadership style. For-example: Back in days at PCW, managers with certain charismatic qualities were effective in Generation X, and were able to drive their followers. However this cannot be feasible for Generation Y, which is current situation. People values most on personal skills and development and prefer to work outside of the organisational boundary. Hence a Transformation theory is required. In the same way, management theory practices in China cannot be practiced in US, since there are cultural differences, and this has a direct impact on organisational strategy. Transformational Leadership is also not very perfect, it has its own flaws. This theory fails when a leader thinks that they have achieved everything; the false connection when its team members / followers do not respond appropriately and become yes-man; the fear of betrayal from followers. Create a Leadership Strategy that supports organisational direction As per Leadership Theories, a good leader has certain characteristics and skills. Leadership is not only a function of a position on an organisational chart, but also individual performance. Anyone ar any level of the organisation can be a leader. They are recognized for their leadership in setting the pace and high standards in their work. STRATEGIC SKILLS AND ABILITIES Leaders at all levels require skills and abilities in three broad areas: Technical knowledge and skills required in the position, especially about executive information systems. Interpersonal/communication knowledge and skills. Conceptual skills which allow the strategic leader to make decisions and cope with the level of complexity associated with a particular position. Leadership Strategy for PC World Self-Leadership: Before Leaders commit to lead others, they need to commit to themselves. Leaders need to ensure that they have qualities and characteristics of a good leader. They need to create a personal vision. They need to explore themselves first. What they can achieve with their talent, tools and time. They need to create a big picture of their vision and align it with that of organisation. Once that is down, the next step is to bring their followers on board, and align their motivation with PCWs strategy. To create a charismatic figure or to act as a role-model, leaders need to show concern for their employees. In old Model practiced that PCW, Leaders were in control of everything and they were driving the teams. They were doing what they wanted to do. Since the environment is changing so leaders need to transform themselves. They should give what the teams need not what they want. Leaders need to be available to the employees all the time, this is done by implementing open-door policy in the organisation. Leaders need to be democratic and should have a two way communication with the followers, unlike the old one-sided communication. This way they can get good feedback and complete tasks. Team Leadership This is very important in order to empower team member and their networking activities. It is helpful at PCW since there are people with different ethnic backgrounds and cultures. Everyone has different skills and fields of specialization. It is important for leaders to ensure that team members are selected on the basis of their field of specialization, unique talents, skills and share a same vision. Every team member need to play its own part and should not depend on others. Like in sales team, every member has its own sales target, which they have to achieve on their own. But this does not mean that members cannot take help from each other in case of stock control. Empowerment is promoted in the project teams, which enables them to make certain decisions, like sales assistant is empowered to make a sale or refuse it, or if they like to entertain the 2% discount on certain items. When leaders are acting as a role-model they motivate the team and show them the good picture of the future. Mentoring Mentoring is another good strategy, for project based teams. It acts in two ways, one way is that people learn from their good leaders. The formula is to observe their leaders and learn from them. This is the idea of transformational leadership theory; the followers become leaders for others. On the other side it helps team-members to develop their personal skills. A sales assistant can follow the steps of their team leader and become a leader or a role model for other team-members, this way it can acts as a motivating factors. Leaders acting as a mentor need to provide assurance and personal reflective space, coaches set goals, identify solutions to problems, and provide feedback on the subordinates performance.

Holdens Mentality in J.D. Salingers The Catcher In The Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

Holden's Mentality in J.D. Salinger's The Catcher In The Rye A young man going through puberty, not knowing what he is doing or where he is headed, becoming increasingly insane, in a world in which he feels he doesn't belong in, and around a bunch of "phonies." This would describe the position of Holden Caulfield, the controversial protagonist and main character in The Catcher In The Rye (1951) written by J.D. Salinger. The book, all narrated by Holden in first person, in its very unique and humorous style, is about Holden, and all the troubles he has encountered through school, family, friends, and basically life. Holden has been expelled from a private school in Pennsylvania because of failing four classes, and decides to go to New York for three days before going home to his disappointed parents. At the beginning of the novel, Holden seems to be like any other 16-year-old young man. But the novel progressively displays through various examples of symbolism that Holden has many problems coping with the world around him. These symbols represent Salinger's ideas and concepts. Holden likes to reminisce about his childhood and visiting the Museum of Natural History in Central Park. He loved to visit the museum, for many reasons, and he even said that he got very happy when he thought about the museum. He tells us of the symbolic details in the museum, by saying, "The best thing, though in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobody'd move. Nobody'd be different. The only thing that would be different would be you"(121). Holden likes this kind of world, and wishes that he lived in it. He wishes things would stay unchanged and simple. Holden is almost scared by change, and can't handle the conflicts in his life. Another very symbolic example in the book is the title itself. On the first night of his three-night excursion, Holden decides to sneak into his house and visit his sister, Phoebe, who he adores very much. Phoebe asks Holden what he would like to do with his life. Holden ponders the question and tells Phoebe about the poem, "Comin' Through The Rye" by Robert Burns. He tells Phoebe," I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody's around--nobody big, I mean--except me.

This has always been a major part of my identity

I am Korean.   This has always been a major part of my identity, even though I was born in America.   Being a member of another culture in America means that the way I have always viewed life, and success, is different than the way most Americans view it.   My mother, who was born and raised in Korea, contributed to this significantly.   She did not understand American culture, and never fully adapted to American life.   Living in a new country was confusing for her, which is why she clung so strongly to her native culture.   She passed this culture and way of thinking on to me. My mother was a typical Korean mother – prideful, overbearing, and she always had the attitude of â€Å"I’m always right no matter what you think.†Ã‚   Her attitude was maddening at times, especially when she remained completely calm despite telling me I was wrong and she was right.   However, it was this very attitude that shaped who I turned out to be, in many different ways. Traditional Korean values and American jobs do not mix well.   It was because of my mother’s strong Korean views that she could not keep a steady job in America.   This put us at a real economic disadvantage, but my mother remained strong no matter what.   She would find another job, and continue to provide for us somehow.   Even when money was tight, she was not discouraged.   My mother remained strong and did what she had to do. Watching her strength tore me apart sometimes.   I saw how hard she had to work, just to help us get by.   When I was 14, after having lost another job, my mother was forced to work for my aunt’s cleaning business.   She was assigned to clean a building that was within walking distance of our home, because she often had car troubles.   She made only minimum wage doing this, which I knew was not enough to support us. I asked my aunt if I could work with my mother in order to make extra money to help with bills.   While I can’t say I was thrilled at the prospect of working at the age of 14, I knew I needed to do this.   At first, my aunt resisted letting me, and my mother wasn’t happy either.   She did not want me to work.   However, within a week, both realized how serious I was about working, and they relented.   Already I had picked up from my mother’s attitude that I needed to do what had to be done, even if I did not want to. When we were not working, my mother and I talked sometimes.   Every chance that we had, it would always be about the same dreaded topic — my future. Being so deep inside of the grave, as I liked to call our financial situation, there was only one direction to look – up and out of the hole. I never admitted to myself that I wanted to leave her to go to college; how could I? Life was hard enough with both of us working, so it didn’t seem possible for her to do it on her own.   However, my mother had other ideas about my future.   She wanted what was best for me, and not the life that she had raised me in. I always protested when she told me this, because I wanted to stay and help her.   But she would tell me then, in her serious, don’t-argue tone that I needed to go to college to make my life better.   Our conversations had an enormous effect on my work ethic and my sense of responsibility.   I wanted to receive my degree and help my mom so that she could retire, because she was so selfless in taking care of me, and pushing me towards a brighter future. My mother’s quiet, hard-working attitude left a major impression on me. She taught me never to give up, to always do what is necessary, and to continually strive to do better.   I will not relent in the face of life’s struggles. I will be strong, I will work hard, and I will dream of a future that would not have been possible if it were not for my mother.

Leadership and Self-Deception Reflection - 1594 Words

Scott Curtis CJ 3020 Self-Assessment Paper Leadership and Self-Deception The first step I took towards bettering myself and how I view the world around me was to pick up this book and read it for myself, although it was required for class. I was constantly confounded throughout the text contained due to the certitude that I have never personally worked for a company that put this much effort in ensuring their employees viewed everyone around them as people, and that they would treat their customers/suppliers likewise. For me personally, I can strongly say that I am consumed staring at the walls inside my box knowingly because I am employed where I work with both egregious subject and those victimized by the crime. The last thing I†¦show more content†¦I know my wife or any other person who requires my utmost attention could find something I am not doing as well as I could be, but fortunately for me, these recent circumstances have had no such reciprocities. I believe the way a person acts is partially attributed to the past and present events in a person’s life and could motivate them to react to communicative relationships in unpredictable ways. I have a wonderful family that I love with all my heart, I have an amazing career with the SLCPD Crime Lab, and I am finishing my degree and can see that light at the end of the tunnel. There are times that I do not think of all the good things that I have, but there is never a day that passes by me when I do not take advantage of the very things that are defining me as a person. As I have stated, I do work with people that I would have a hard time trusting, but I know that I have to treat them as people and not objects. That is difficult, and I believe that is why this may be a difficult social issue in balancing what is morally correct versus what our first instincts motivate the majority of us to do, and that is to think about our own personal needs and gratifications. When we engage in conversations/actions of which have started in the box, trying to change the people around us is difficult because we are already trying to make ourselves look better,Show MoreRelatedThe Power of Self-Destruction in Shakespeares Othello Essay802 Words   |  4 Pageslove, deception, and power. Othello, an army general in Venice, comes into conflict with his self and social identity during the war between the Turks and Venice. However, it should be taken into consideration at the time Venice was the center for commercialism and materialism, which led to corruption and conflict arising from greed, social status and competition among peers (Cummings 1). 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